Review of a novel Coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19), based on information on the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms

Background: COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is an example of zoonotic coronaviruses that recently evolved and caused human outbreaks. The ssRNA Beta-Covid genus includes SARS-CoV-2. Since SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-like bat viruses share a substantial amount of sequence similarity. Human illness essentially appears as a respiratory infection, though it can also take the form of a gastrointestinal ailment. Each sickness in people has a different clinical spectrum. The virus was first found in bats and then spread to humans through unidentified intermediary animals; several instances of viral pneumonia with no known etiology were reported to the WHO. Human-to-human transmission is the main method of propagation, according to studies. As the outbreak spread quickly. Coronaviruses are positive-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses with genomes that are close to 30 kb in size and that have four structural proteins: the spike, nucleocapsid, envelope, and membrane. The S protein is in charge of the virus's infection connection with the cell membrane and attachment to the receptor. The ribonucleoprotein is created by the N protein's interaction with the viral RNA. ORFs make up the CoV genome. The big polyproteins 1a and 1b, which encode a bunch of nonstructural proteins, are produced by translating ORF1a and ORF1b from the 5′. The viral genome is mainly held by two nonstructural proteins, ORF1a and ORF1ab, along with structural proteins. Although NSPs are conserved among the βCoVs, mutations in NSP2 and NSP3 may play critical roles in transmitting the virus and cell tropism.