Extensive analysis of the phytochemicals, and the antioxidant, anticrystal & antibacterial activities of Dolichandrone serrulata extracts against bacteria isolated from stone niduses

• Dolichandrone serrulata (DS) extracts contained phenolic acids (e.g.catechin, gallic, 4-hydroxybenzoic & vanillic acids) and flavonoids (e.g.myricetin, quercetin & rutin). • High total phenolic and flavonoid contents correlated with strong antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP). • DS extracts showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Proteus mirabilis . • All DS extracts effectively inhibited calcium oxalate crystallization and aggregation, demonstrating anticrystal activity, especially calcium oxalate crystals. • The results provide scientific support for the traditional use of DS extracts to treat bacterial infections associated with kidney stones. . Kidney stones can cause pain, infection, and kidney damage by obstructing the flow of urine. Dolichandrone serrulata (Wall. ex DC.) Seem. (DS) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for urinary-related conditions. Its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticrystal properties must be considered. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticrystal activities of various parts of DS extracts.. DS aqueous extracts from bark, branches, leaves, and whole flowers were utilized. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant activities (DPPH scavenging and FRAP assays) of DS extracts were performed. Bioactive compounds were analyzed by using HPLC. The DS extracts against bacteria isolated from kidney stones were investigated by the broth microdilution method. Crystallization, crystal aggregation, and cytotoxicity assays were performed.. The different parts of DS extracts contained several types of phytochemicals, and also related TPC and TFC to antioxidant activity. Phytochemicals of several parts of DS extracts contained phenolic acids, including catechin, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid, as well as flavonoids, such as myricetin, quercetin, and rutin. DS extracts exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Proteus mirabilis , while having a lesser impact on Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli . The ability of calcium oxalate to crystallize and aggregate was inhibited by all DS extracts.. DS extracts exhibit promising antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticrystal activities, and phytochemicals. These investigations have provided scientific rationale to use DS extracts as an alternative therapy for bacterial infection and inflammation-associated in crystal formation..