Exploring Buchanania lanzan: A Comprehensive Review of Phytoconstituents, Medicinal Properties, and Nanoformulations

Background: Buchanania lanzan (Chironji), a medicinal species of the Anacardiaceae family, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Its clinical use is lim-ited due to low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Objective: To review the phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, and nanoformulation strategies of Buchanania lanzan to enhance its therapeutic potential. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for publications from 2010 to 2025 using keywords including “Buchanania lanzan”, “Chironji”, “phytochemistry”, “pharmacological activity” and, “nanoformulation.” Only peer-reviewed articles in English directly pertaining to B. lanzan were included, with emphasis on studies from the past five years. Data on plant parts, extraction methods, phytochemicals, phar-macological effects, and nanoformulations were systematically collected and categorized. Results: Buchanania lanzan contains multiple bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tan-nins, alkaloids, glycosides, and essential oils. Nanoformulation techniques-such as polymeric na-noparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles-were able to improve solu-bility, stability, absorption, and controlled release. These strategies can potentially address bioa-vailability limitations and expand the plant’s applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Conclusion: Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to optimize the medicinal benefits of Buchanania lanzan. Further research is required to establish clinical efficacy, standardize formu-lations, and enable large-scale production for broader therapeutic use.