Influence of Thermal Insulation Materials on Natural Gas Consumption under Cold-Climate Conditions

This article presents a comprehensive and in-depth study focused on improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings in cold-climate regions, using the town of Sisian in Armenia’s Syunik Province as a case study. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal insulation applied to the external load-bearing structures, specifically the exterior walls and roof of a typical two-story residential house. The study emphasizes the use of polyurethane foam, a modern insulating material known for its high thermal resistance, durability, and ease of application. The research was conducted during the heating season, a period marked by high energy consumption due to cold weather, which provided an ideal context for analyzing thermal losses and energy demand. Through a detailed comparison of pre- and post-insulation energy performance, the results demonstrated a substantial reduction in heat loss through the building’s envelope. The application of polyurethane foam not only minimized energy loss but also led to a significant decrease in the total energy required to maintain indoor thermal comfort. This translates into lower energy bills for residents and a reduced environmental footprint, given the lowered demand for heating fuels, such as natural gas or electricity. The findings of this study are particularly important for regions like Sisian and other mountainous or high-altitude settlements in Armenia, where harsh winters and insufficient insulation in older housing stock lead to excessive energy consumption. By highlighting the benefits of thermal insulation in terms of energy savings, comfort, and sustainability, the research advocates for broader adoption of energy-efficient construction practices. Moreover, the study offers essential insights for policymakers, architects, and engineers, reinforcing the need to revise national building codes and develop targeted energy efficiency programs. Overall, the research serves as a valuable contribution to Armenia’s efforts toward sustainable development and energy independence.