Neck training in military pilots: A scoping review

Military pilots experience high G-forces, leading to muscle fatigue and neck injuries that may impair performance. Despite growing interest in neck training as a preventive measure, its effectiveness in improving strength, endurance, and injury prevention remains unclear. This scoping review systematically examines the literature on neck training for military pilots, summarizing key findings, methodological limitations, and research needs. A systematic search identified 54 studies assessing various neck training protocols, their impact on strength and endurance, and their role in injury prevention. Studies were analyzed based on participant demographics, training methodologies, and outcomes. Strength and endurance training enhance neck resilience and reduce injury risk. However, most studies had small samples, short interventions, and lacked long-term data. Key factors like helmet weight, cockpit ergonomics, and physiological differences were often underreported, limiting applicability. Neck training appears beneficial for injury prevention and pilot performance under G-force exposure. However, standardized protocols and long-term studies are needed. Future research should develop structured, evidence-based training programs considering ergonomic and physiological factors to optimize pilot health and operational effectiveness.