Integrated organic nutrient management and modified atmosphere packaging improve postharvest quality and shelf life of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an important vegetable crop widely consumed for its nutritional and culinary value, yet it suffers from significant postharvest deterioration. This study investigated the combined effects of farmyard manure (FYM), organic modules and storage conditions on postharvest performance of okra fruits. The trials were conducted during 2021-22 and 2022-23 at the College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, India. The experiment followed a factorial completely randomised design with 18 treatment combinations comprising three FYM levels (100 %, 75 % and 50 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen), three organic modules and two storage conditions: ambient storage and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Results demonstrated that higher FYM levels coupled with organic module 1 (Trichoderma viride enrichment, panchagavya and neem-based inputs) significantly improved fruit weight retention, minimised physiological loss in weight (PLW) and extended shelf life. Fruits from L1M1 stored under MAP recorded the longest shelf life (11.0 days) compared with less than 5.5 days in open storage. MAP effectively restricted PLW to below 3.5 % up to day 8, whereas open storage exceeded 20 % loss by day 4. Biochemical attributes, including total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll content, were also better preserved under MAP, particularly in fruits from 100 % FYM treatments. These results highlight the synergistic role of soil fertility management and protective packaging in maintaining okra quality. The adoption of integrated organic nutrient practices with MAP offers a practical strategy to reduce postharvest losses, improve nutritional retention and enhance the marketability of perishable vegetables.