LoRaWAN-based system for multivariate data acquisition in high Andean agriculture

High-Andean agriculture in Peru faces significant challenges from climate change and a scarcity of reliable data for precise decision-making. Remote monitoring in these zones is constrained by a lack of Internet connectivity, particularly in hard-to-reach agricultural areas. This study presents a prototype Internet of Things (IoT) system based on LoRaWAN technology for the collection and storage of multivariate data tailored for agriculture in high-Andean zones. The system integrates sensors for temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and wind direction, transmitting the information via long-range, low-power communication to an IoT server for storage and analysis. Field tests, conducted at 3800 m.a.s.l., achieved communication distances of 5 km and 10 km with a 100 % successful transmission rate. The sensor nodes were solar powered, enabling autonomous and continuous operation. The results demonstrate that LoRaWAN can overcome connectivity barriers in high-altitude rural environments, offering a scalable and sustainable solution that strengthens climate resilience and optimizes agricultural practices in high-Andean regions.