Assessing the Mediating Roles of Global Sensory Impairment, Social Isolation, and Loneliness in the Association Between Education and Cognitive Function

Education is a key predictor of cognitive function and dementia. Sensory impairments and social well-being are underexplored modifiable pathways through which education may influence cognitive function. Using longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we created a latent measure of global sensory impairment (GSI) encompassing all five "classical" senses. We estimated the indirect influence of education on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores-our primary measure of cognitive function-through GSI, loneliness, and social isolation. Positive dementia screening was a secondary outcome. GSI accounted for 5.32% and social isolation for 3.79% of college attendance's influence on MoCA scores. For years of education, GSI accounted for 3.87% and social isolation for 2.85% of its influence on MoCA scores. Loneliness accounted for smaller percentages. Sensory impairments and social isolation may be targets for public health interventions aimed at reducing educational disparities in cognitive function and improving older adults' quality of life.