Bridging Borders, Generating Power: The India–Nepal Hydro Cooperation

ABSTRACT Hydroelectric power is vital for both India and Nepal, offering significant development opportunities in the region. This study thoroughly examines the historical background, sociopolitical complexities, and economic reasons behind joint efforts to utilize hydropower resources along their shared border. Through a review of existing transboundary frameworks, a conceptual hydro‐policy analysis is provided, and the Basin at Risk Scale (Water Event Intensity Scale) is applied. The research critically considers the geopolitical factors that influence the development, implementation, and results of the India–Nepal hydro cooperation (INHC). This approach underscores the more collaborative relationship between India and Nepal. Water events related to conflict and cooperation demonstrate how both nations are addressing their hydrological issues in a mutually amicable manner. However, two primary areas of disagreement remain, centering on water rights and the management of barrages. In this context, this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge and studies on water policy and governance, aiming to develop solutions for sustainable hydro cooperation between India and Nepal.