Navigating the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Bangladesh: A comprehensive retrospective analysis of epidemiological trends and sex-specific disparities (1990–2021) with long-term ARIMA forecasting to 2050 for strategic public health planning

The HIV/AIDS burden in Bangladesh has escalated significantly from 1990 to 2021, with females bearing a disproportionately higher burden across all metrics. Recent declines suggest the efficacy of public health interventions, but persistent sex disparities and projected prevalence increases underscore the need for targeted, sex-specific strategies. The considerable uncertainty in long-term forecasts emphasizes the importance of sustained surveillance, adaptive interventions, and resource allocation to mitigate the epidemic's impact by 2050, ensuring equitable health outcomes.