Valorization of flowers and their role in circular bioeconomy and sustainable development goals

Green biomass has always played a crucial role in fulfilling sustainable development goals (SDGs), be it in real or waste form. Simultaneously, these biomasses have also justified the circular bioeconomy concept by prioritizing the restoration and safeguarding of ecosystems, thus focusing on exploiting renewable biological resources along with the waste streams associated with them for producing value-added products. Edible or non-edible, flowers found in nature are best suited for biomass in this category. Primarily, the flowers have been considered as the source of fragrance, hence explored by the beauty and cosmetic industry only. This review highlights the harnessing of flowers in producing bio-based nanomaterials, along with the functional food's enrichment, therefore emphasizing their nutritional and physiological advantages. The present analysis thoroughly corresponds with SDG2 (zero hunger), SDG3 (Good health and well-being), SDG6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG8 (decent work and economic growth), and 9 (industry innovation and infrastructure), as well as the circular bioeconomy idea. Besides this, the review also examines the safety considerations related to its utilization.