Probiotic cleaning products: A sustainable and safer approach to environmental cleanliness

Probiotic-based cleaning products (PBCPs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants, offering enhanced safety and sustainability. Traditional cleaning agents contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), environmental toxicity, and adverse health effects, necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly solutions. The efficacy of probiotics in cleaning applications is primarily driven by competitive exclusion mechanisms, biofilm disruption, and the production of antimicrobial peptides, including bacteriocins. Unlike conventional disinfectants that indiscriminately eliminate microorganisms, probiotics promote a balanced microbial ecosystem by suppressing pathogenic species while fostering beneficial microbiota. This review critically evaluates the potential of PBCPs in mitigating environmental contamination and reducing health risks associated with chemical cleaners. It also discusses key challenges, including formulation stability, regulatory compliance, and scalability, which must be addressed to facilitate widespread adoption. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary research to optimize PBCP formulations for diverse environmental applications, from healthcare settings to industrial sanitation. By advancing the scientific understanding of probiotic-based cleaning strategies, this study highlights their role in promoting sustainable hygiene practices and public health. • Probiotic cleaners offer eco-safe alternatives to chemical disinfectants. • PBCPs suppress pathogens, biofilms, and antimicrobial resistance risks. • Clinical and field studies confirm benefits in hospitals and public spaces. • Future PBCPs may use nanotech, engineered strains, and smart delivery tools.