AudioSet-R: A Refined AudioSet with Multi-Stage LLM Label Reannotation

AudioSet is a widely used benchmark in the audio research community and has significantly advanced various audio-related tasks. However, persistent issues with label accuracy and completeness remain critical bottlenecks that limit performance in downstream applications. To address the aforementioned challenges, we propose a three-stage reannotation framework that harnesses general-purpose audio-language foundation models to systematically improve the label quality of AudioSet. The framework employs a cross-modal prompting strategy, inspired by the concept of prompt chaining, wherein prompts are sequentially composed to execute subtasks (audio comprehension, label synthesis, and semantic alignment). Leveraging this framework, we construct a high-quality, structured relabeled version of AudioSet-R. Extensive experiments conducted on representative audio classification models-including AST, PANNs, SSAST, and AudioMAE-consistently demonstrate substantial performance improvements, thereby validating the generalizability and effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing label reliability.The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/colaudiolab/AudioSet-R.