The multifaceted functions of lncRNA PTPRG-AS1 in human cancers: An in-depth investigation through extensive bioinformatic analyses and literature review

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in gene regulation and disease pathogenesis. Among them, PTPRG-AS1 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type G Antisense RNA 1) has emerged as a potential player in several cancers, particularly breast cancer. This lncRNA has also been found to be over-expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lung cancer, among other cancers. Moreover, up-regulation of this lncRNA is associated with metastatic potential of gastric cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and triple negative breast cancer. Several microRNAs have been reported as potential interacting molecules with PTPRG-AS1. This article explores the role of PTPRG-AS1 through a literature-based review and bioinformatics analysis, highlighting its molecular mechanisms, expression patterns, and clinical implications. The data summarized in this review may help design of novel anti-cancer therapies, particularly focusing on combating cancer hallmarks, such as stemness and invasion. However, further experimental validation is needed before implementation of these results in the clinical settings.