The Impact of 3D Printed Spine Models on Surgical Planning for Vertebral Column Resection: A Descriptive Case Series

Vertebral column resection (VCR) is a complex procedure for correcting severe spinal deformities. Traditional imaging techniques may not provide adequate information for pre-operative planning. Three-dimensional (3D) printed anatomic models offer a tangible representation of patient-specific anatomy, potentially enhancing surgical planning and outcomes. This descriptive case series included seven pediatric patients, aged 1–17 years, undergoing VCR at a free-standing pediatric hospital with a high-volume spine program between June 2017 and September 2019. Patient-specific 3D models were created from preoperative CT scans. Surgeons completed questionnaires at three intervals: pre-model review (imaging only), post-model review, and post-surgery. Data collected included planned surgical approach, fixation strategy, and vertebral labeling accuracy. Surgical plans were altered in six of seven cases following the review of 3D models. Adjustments included changes in fixation strategy in four cases and modification of the vertebral osteotomy plan in one case. Additionally, the use of 3D models improved vertebral labeling consistency among surgeons, enhancing preoperative planning accuracy. The incorporation of 3D printed models into the preoperative planning of VCR procedures for pediatric patients with complex spinal deformities influenced surgical decision-making. The models provided a better understanding of patient-specific anatomy, leading to modifications in surgical plans and improved vertebral labeling accuracy. These findings suggest that 3D modeling is a valuable tool in enhancing the precision and safety of complex spinal surgeries. IV •Three-dimensional (3D) printed spine models improve surgical planning. • The use of 3D models led to changes in surgical plans in the majority of vertebral column resection (VCR) cases, particularly in fixation strategies and osteotomy decisions.