Investigating the influence of groove geometry on heat transfer, entropy generation, and pressure drop in internally grooved tubes: A CFD analysis

• CFD study of groove geometry in tubes for laminar and turbulent flows. • Groove geometry affects heat transfer, pressure drop, and entropy generation. • Various groove types studied numerically using Ansys Fluent. • Triangular grooves raise ΔT to 3.73°C vs. 1.28°C for smooth tube. • Grooved tubes enhanced the Nusselt number by 49% in turbulent flow and 7.5% in laminar flow compared to the smooth tube. This study employs CFD analysis to investigate the effects of internal and external groove geometries (circular, square, rectangular, and triangular) on heat transfer, entropy generation, and pressure drop in tubes under laminar and turbulent flow. This work compares multiple internal and external groove shapes under identical flow conditions and parameters. A 3D ANSYS Fluent model simulates flow and thermal behavior, comparing grooved and smooth tubes. Key parameters examined include heat transfer rate, temperature difference, pressure drop, and entropy generation. Results indicate that grooved tubes significantly enhance heat transfer due to increased surface area but also experience higher pressure drop and entropy generation, particularly for internal grooves. Turbulent flow exhibits greater entropy generation and pressure drop from increased friction and mixing, while laminar flow shows larger temperature differences. For instance, the temperature difference rises from 1.28°C in smooth tubes to 3.73°C in externally triangular-grooved tubes. Grooved tubes enhanced the Nusselt number by 49% in turbulent flow and 7.5% in laminar flow compared to the smooth tube, but with higher friction. The study highlights the trade-off between heat transfer enhancement and pressure losses, emphasizing the importance of optimized groove design. These findings provide valuable insights for developing more efficient heat exchangers and cooling systems.