Current situation and future outlook petroleum hydrocarbons in marine systems: A review

The purpose of this review article, assesses the grave danger that water pollution, the effects of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants pose to marine ecosystems. Asphaltenes, resins, aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylben-zene, xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most common pollutants found in petro-leum products. From this point on, it's easy to see how certain remedial measures may aid in the eradication of these xenobiotics. Here we see the successful use of bioremediation to cleanse ecosystems of contaminants. To lessen the environmental burden of these harmful compounds, recent scenarios have seen much study, development directed towards the bio-beneficial remedia-tion of these petroleum-based contaminants. In light of the current problems caused by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution to ma-rine ecosystems, we hope this review will shed light on how to solve these problems. Heavy metals, organic pollutants like total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in coastal marine sediments are receiving extensive attention, as they may pose a serious threat to the aquatic environment, ecosystem health. To date, however, data on the long-term variations in the levels of sedimentary heavy metals, TPHs as well as their ecological risks are relatively limited. The implication is that the sediment in the Bohai Sea was fairly clean in terms of heavy metals,petroleum hydrocarbons. Also, based on the ecological risk assessment (Ei) of heavy metal pollutants, we found that the metal Cd had reached a level with potential ecological risk in some cases (80 ≤ Ei < 160). • Investigating Petroleum hydrocarbons in marine systems: Ecological risk assessment and remediation strategies. • Investigating Removal and Purification Methods of PHCs. • Investigating Oil pollution of the environment.