Pathways to environmental sustainability through energy efficiency: A strategic next energy vision for sustainable development by 2050

As the global push for carbon neutrality accelerates, energy efficiency has become essential for sustainable development, especially for nations like Nigeria that face rising energy demands and significant environmental challenges. This study explores how integrating energy efficiency with carbon neutrality can support Nigeria's strategic energy goals while offering global lessons for other countries facing similar challenges, focusing on key sectors, including industry, transport, and power generation. The study systematically examines the impacts of renewable energy (RE) technologies, like solar, wind, and hydropower—alongside policy reforms, technological innovations, and demand-side management strategies to advance energy efficiency in Nigeria. Key findings include the identification of strategic policy frameworks, technological solutions, and the transformative role of green hydrogen in decarbonizing hard-to-electrify sectors. The study also emphasizes the importance of international climate finance, decentralized RE systems like solar mini-grids for improving energy access, and economic opportunities for job creation in the RE sector. Furthermore, it highlights the need for behavioral changes, community engagement, and consistent policy implementation to address infrastructure gaps and drive energy efficiency goals. The novelty of this research lies in its scenario-based analysis of Nigeria's low-carbon transition, detailing both the opportunities and challenges, such as policy inconsistencies, infrastructure deficits, and financial constraints. The findings stress the importance of international collaboration, technological advancements, and targeted investments to overcome these challenges. By offering actionable insights and strategic recommendations, this study provides a roadmap for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to drive Nigeria towards a sustainable, carbon-neutral future by 2050.