X-ray transfer cross-sections of bone, soft tissue, lung, brain, fat, and the effect of energy, effective charge number, density, and electron density of tissue for radiological applications

Klein-Nishina electronic transfer, atomic transfer cross-sections, and Compton mass-energy transfer coefficients are calculated for the human bone, soft tissue, lung, brain, and fat, using X-rays of 50 keV, 140 keV, 364 keV, 1.25 MeV, 4.784 MeV, and 6.0 MeV energies. The effect of radiation energy, tissues’ effective charge number, density, and electron density on the calculated parameter is also investigated. Results show that the investigated coefficients decrease with increasing radiation energy but increase when the density of the tissue is high. Moreover, a high electron density of tissue also increases the atomic transfer cross-sections and Compton mass-energy transfer coefficients. For the 50 keV and 140 keV energies, the electronic and the atomic transfer cross-sections are 10 times bigger than those calculated at the higher energies, and then decrease rapidly as the energy increases. A complex relationship between the mentioned parameters and the effective charge number Z of tissues is observed because Z changes with the energy and linear attenuation coefficient of a tissue. Compton coefficients are found to be dependent on the density and electron density of the tissues. The calculated parameters are useful in determining radiation doses to the tissues studied and the response of the tissues. The results and outcomes are also very useful in shielding and protecting tissues from the hazards of radiation. These parameters are also helpful in determining the scattered and optimum doses for radiation shielding and to improve image quality and treatment options in radiology and radiation dosimetry, to offer the best care.