Skin cancer awareness, attitude, and sun protection behavior among medical students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Skin cancer is a significant public health concern, and awareness of the risks associated with ultraviolet exposure and the adoption of protective measures are essential for prevention. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, attitudes, and behaviors related to sun exposure risk and protection measures among medical students in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 659 medical students from 22 different universities, primarily from the central region of Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a self-constructed questionnaire comprising personal questions, closed-ended questions about sunscreen knowledge and usage, awareness of sun exposure's harmful effects on the skin, and factors predisposing to skin cancer. Additional questions assessed participants' attitudes towards sun protection. Approximately 53.72% of the students reported not regularly using sunscreen, while the majority (76%) used sunglasses and made efforts to avoid sun exposure (87%). However, there remains a need to increase awareness regarding the risks of sun exposure leading to skin cancer. Significant differences were observed in attitudes and behaviors (P = .001), with females displaying greater awareness than males, as reflected in various criteria. Notably, 40% of females reported using sunscreen, compared to only 6% of males. Although awareness and behavior increased with academic level, these differences remained statistically insignificant. The study highlights the need for enhanced awareness programs and skin cancer campaigns, particularly among male medical students. Despite some positive attitudes and behaviors observed, there is still room for improvement in promoting sun protection measures among this population, contributing to primary prevention efforts against skin cancer.