Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of deep venous thrombosis in pediatric convulsive status epilepticus patients: A retrospective study

This study investigates the clinical characteristics and prognosis of convulsive status epilepticus combined with deep venous thrombosis (CSE-DVT) in children. We retrospectively analyzed the data of CSE-DVT (n = 10) and nonconvulsive DVT (n = 31) admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 2014 and May 2023. In the CSE-DVT group, 10 cases (5 males, 5 females) were studied, with a median age of 3.2 years (range 0.2-12.5 years). All of them developed unilateral lower extremity DVT and had markedly elevated levels of serum D-dimers. In the nonconvulsive DVT group, 31 cases (20 males, 11 females) were studied, with a median age of 2.0 years (range 0.1-13.0 years). Fifteen cases (48.3%) developed unilateral lower extremity DVT. Twenty-three cases (74.2%) had markedly elevated levels of serum D-dimers. Compared with the nonconvulsive DVT group, the CSE-DVT group had a larger case number of ventilator support, infection, and intravenous nutrition support (P < .05). The CSE-DVT group also had a higher blood platelet count and antithrombin-III, but the activated partial thromboplastin time was shorter than that in the nonconvulsive DVT group (P < .05). The mean period of follow-up was 6 ± 2 months. In the CSE-DVT group, none of them had a pulmonary embolism, and 5 cases (50%) had a thrombus-absorbed state. In the nonconvulsive DVT group, 16 patients (51.6%) had a thrombus-absorbed state, and 2 cases (6.4%) had a pulmonary embolism. The deep vein of the lower extremity is the most common site in children diagnosed with CSE-DVT whose D-dimers are markedly elevated. The effective methods to improve prognosis in patients are early diagnosis and timely treatment.