Internet use and subjective well-being among older Chinese: Evidence from repeated cross-sections before and after COVID-19 (CGSS 2017–2023)

Among older Chinese adults, internet use is linked to higher SWB, the relationship strengthens under pandemic constraints, and part of the link operates through social participation. Targeted digital-inclusion efforts-affordable access, age-friendly design, and support for communication, information, and public/health services-may yield disproportionate benefits for rural, less-educated, and health-limited seniors in the post-COVID-19 era.