Monitoring of the erythrocyte antigen structure in the gene pool herd of Red Gorbatov cattle

Immunogenetic analysis is of practical interest, allowing us to establish not only the relationship between animals, but also the degree of genetic influence of individual stud bulls on the entire gene pool of the population. While preserving the gene pool, the study of the frequency distribution of blood groups, as well as their changes over time, allow us to judge the processes occurring in closed populations. The research was carried out in the gene pool farm of the Red Gorbatov breed. The brood stock has 8 systems of blood groups. In 2007, 45 antigens were detected in the herd, in 2009 there was a decline in diversity to 38 antigens, but in 2010 their number was restored to 46, by 2017 the total number of antigens had not changed significantly 47, and in 2022 again 46. The most numerous is EAB system, from 21 to 28 antigens were established in this system in different years. The structure of antigens is unstable, some antigens that were widespread in 2007 (Y2 and C2) decreased to 1432 % in 2017. New antigens were established O3, O4, Ox, and A1. The loss of individual antigens may indirectly indicate the loss of other alleles that have economic importance; therefore, animals with rare antigens should be used in reproduction to a greater extent. The stud bulls whose seed stock is available at that moment have different antigenic composition: from 3 to 17 antigens in different systems. The use of a limited number of bulls can lead to the drift of individual genes.