Managing Environmental Water Use Conflicts: International Experience

In recent decades, there has been a considerable growth in the number of environmental conflicts worldwide, with environmental conflicts over water use standing out for their unique characteristics, causes, and challenges in resolution. Based on a number of examples from foreign (Western European and North American) conflict resolution and environmental mediation practices, the article proposes principles for an optimal model for the successful settlement and resolution of environmental conflicts related to water use through direct negotiations and mediation that takes into account the interests of all parties involved and seeks consensus (deliberative democracy). A clear and consistent state economic and environmental policy that combines effective interdepartmental coordination, reasonable cost distribution, and a broad dialogue between the state, business, and civil society helps to prevent and resolve environmental conflicts over water use. It is concluded that every interested party must participate in negotiations (or mediation) on equal terms in order for environmental water use conflicts to be managed as effectively as possible. All parties must also acknowledge the benefits of mediation over conflict escalation or litigation, have access to a qualified and reliable mediator, be willing to carry out the agreement reached over the long term, and have an efficient system in place to monitor the agreement’s implementation.