Latin American Philosophy of Liberation and Intercultural Philosophy of Dialogue

The research examines the Latin American philosophy of liberation (L. Cea, A. Roig, E. Dussel), from which the intercultural philosophy of dialogue was developed. The dialogue between Russian and Latin American philosophers and the recognition of the philosophy of liberation in Russia are shown. Attention is paid to the discussion about the dialectic of the universal and the culturally-specific, using the example of Latin American philosophy. The article examines intercultural philosophy, which justifies the right to cultural diversity and the normativity of dialogical relations in a culturally diverse world. It analyzes R. Fornet-Betancourt’s project on the intercultural transformation of philosophy, which is based on the cultural embeddedness of philosophical traditions. This means radical changes in the theoretical foundations of understanding philosophical questions in light of the fundamental role of culture in the development of philosophy. This opens up a new perspective in our understanding of what philosophy is, of the history of philosophy and of its role in contemporary society. R. Fornet-Bettencourt criticizes “abstract universalism” and opposes it with the concept of “contextualized and concrete universality”. He emphasizes that the condition for the possibility of dialogue in a conflicted world is to overcome obstacles on the path of dialogical relations. As an example of such obstacles, the International Society for Universal Dialogue (ISUD) is criticized, which was hijacked by a putsch from а hegemonic group, in which the collaborationism of E.A. Taisina (Kazan State Power Engineering University) was complicit. The necessity to critically separate genuine dialogue from simulacrum and to develop intercultural dialogue as a condition for the humanistic transformation of society is emphasized. The article examines the contribution of Russian philosophers to intercultural philosophy using the works of M.T. Stepanyants, V.A. Lektorsky, and V.A. Smirnov as example. The theory and practice of the intercultural philosophy of dialogue can be a helpful model for politics, including in the transformation of international relations, and contribute to the transition from the “monologism” of hegemonic unipolarity to a multipolar (polycentric) world of sovereign states based on dialogue and mutually beneficial cooperation in solving social and global problems.