The First Experiments in Russia to Obtain a Degree in Philosophy

The paper attempts to identify the period in Russia when professional specialization in scientific and educational spheres is formed. To solve this problem, the author takes into account the institutional segment of philosophy in Russia, first of all, the university. Then he identifies the functionality of holders of academic degrees “Master of Philosophy”, determines the moment when and how, where and under what conditions philosophy becomes a designation of professional interests. To achieve this goal, the author analyzes the activities of the teaching corporation of metropolitan (Moscow, St. Petersburg) and provincial (Kazan, Kiev) universities of the Russian Empire. The author pays attention to the content of the actual educational process and research activities, and also takes into account the normative documents of general and private character ((local, regional levels, governmental orders, University Statutes). To form the context, the author pays attention to the interaction of academic corporations with state structures (Ministry of Public Education, Senate, Synod), takes into account the mindset of society, ideological background, and political situation. All this makes it possible to record important moments when philosophy, from a kind of “private case” of professional training, from a “secondary element” of professional development, is gradually transformed into a life choice, into a professional activity, into one of the dominant spheres of the academic community.