The biological effectiveness of crude propolis extract in inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens

Propolis is produced by honeybees (Apis) from aseries of non-toxic, mucilage-based resinous and balsamic substances collected from the leaf buds of various tree species and mixed by the bees with their saliva secretions. It is used as an insulating, sealant, and disinfectant in the cell. Because of its antimicrobial properties, propolis has become apopular alternative biocide or food additive for health protection and disease prevention. It has been shown that the abundance of ahuge number of flavonoids, essential oils, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants is responsible for most of the biological and pharmacological activities of propolis. This study aims to provide acritical analysis of various studies evaluating the activity of propolis against fungi and to identify the chemical components responsible for this activity. Discussion of the methodological approaches used, and results released is akey point of this review to highlight knowledge gaps. In this review, we will first learn about the chemical composition of propolis, and the contrast agents used in their ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi. The study showed that increasing the concentration 12.5, 25, 50, 100% of propolis extract led to an increase in the rate of fungal growth inhibition Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, we find that the concentration of 100 ml/L was superior, which achieved the highest percentage of inhibition of the growth of the three fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The average percentage of inhibition was 85.36, 85.77, and 83.14 respectively.