Structural Stability Regulation and Recycling Strategies of Graphene and its Derivatives in Water Treatment: a Review

This article provides a systematic review of recent research on graphene-based materials in water treatment, focusing on strategies for controlling structural stability and regeneration methods. To enhance stability, surface functionalization (such as covalent modification and non-covalent coating), composite material construction (such as with polymers and metal oxides), and the design of three-dimensional cross-linked structures can significantly improve the mechanical strength and chemical resistance of the materials. In terms of regeneration strategies, methods such as chemical leaching, thermal treatment, and electrochemical regeneration have been extensively studied, but it is essential to balance the efficiency of regeneration with the preservation of the material's structural integrity. Additionally, the article analyzes the main obstacles to current industrial applications, including batch stability in large-scale production, the optimization of continuous processing equipment, and the development of anti-bacterial coatings.