Challenges in Sex Assignment in 46,XX Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase Deficiency and 11β-hydroxylase Deficiency in Developing Countries: Insights from an Expert Center in Indonesia
In Indonesia, many 46,XX individuals with CAH were initially assigned as males due to late diagnosis, primarily caused by low awareness among healthcare professionals and exacerbated by limited medical resources and a lack of clear guidelines on sex assignment. Therefore, targeted education and standardized guidelines involving a multidisciplinary team are crucial to ensure appropriate sex assignment and care.
Authors
- Annastasia Ediati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-5628)
- Irene Astrid Larasati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4134-8989)
- Agustini Utari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-1981)
- Tri Indah Winarni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-2813)
- Hedi L. Claahsen‐van der Grinten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-0403)
Institutions
- Diponegoro University (ID)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Amalia Kinderziekenhuis (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
- Published
- 2025-10-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2025.2025-7-5
- Primary Topic
- Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Universitas Diponegoro