Ayurvedic ideology of diet in etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of diseases

Abstract Ayurveda , one of the world’s oldest medicinal systems, considers Ahara (diet) a cornerstone of health maintenance, disease prevention, and therapeutic intervention. This review bridges classical Ayurvedic dietary wisdom with modern nutritional science, focusing on Ahara ’s multifaceted role in etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of diseases. Drawing from classical texts and contemporary research, it highlights the importance of personalized dietary practices based on Prakriti (constitution), Agni (digestive strength), and Ritu (seasonal variation), as well as the clinical relevance of Pathya-Apathya (wholesome–unwholesome) food classifications. Special emphasis is placed on the sustainable use of Kudhanya or Shree-anna (millets), which have demonstrated significant nutritional and therapeutic benefits, particularly in preventing and managing lifestyle disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Although traditionally categorized as Kudhanya or inferior grains, millets are now supported by scientific evidence for their low glycemic index, high fiber content, and adaptogenic properties. The findings affirm that a balanced Ayurvedic diet, aligned with classical principles and supported by modern evidence, can contribute significantly to holistic health, disease resistance, and longevity.