Burnout Among Orthopedic Surgeons and Surgical Trainees: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence and Associated Factors

Orthopedic surgery is demanding and challenging. This review aimed to determine the global prevalence of burnout among orthopedic surgeons and identify the associated factors. An extensive literature review was conducted. All full-text articles reporting data about burnout in orthopedic surgeons using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were included. Databases such as PubMed and EMBASE were searched, and relevant data on burnout prevalence and associated factors were extracted. A random effects model was used in the prevalence meta-analysis. Eight studies met the criteria. A total of 4006 residents and specialists were involved in all the studies. With the random effects model, the overall prevalence of burnout was estimated to be 45%. The result of the single study exclusion analysis carried out showed that no single study had a significant effect on heterogeneity. The identified factors that predisposed to burnout included medical error within the past 3 months, depression, living without a partner, absence of mandatory rest period, absence of marks of gratitude from seniors and patients, sleep deprivation, early years of training, significant other in active military duty, dissatisfaction with career choices and work-life balance, high workloads, lack of co-resident support, lack of program support and health-related issues. Burnout is prevalent among orthopedic surgeons, and there is a disproportionate burden compared to other specialties. A problem-solving approach to addressing these factors will prove beneficial in improving the well-being of trainees. This will ultimately result in better patient care outcomes.