Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review

Rectal cancer (RC) and endometrial cancer (EC) are among the most prevalent malignancies globally. However, their synchronous occurrence is rare. The current report presents a case of synchronous RC and EC, accompanied by a literature review, to provide insight into the diagnosis and management of such cases. A 54-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding and tenesmus. Diagnostic evaluations revealed synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma involving the cervix of the cervix and rectal adenocarcinoma. Following a multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion, an open radical resection was performed. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnoses. The patient is currently undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A total of five follow-up assessments have indicated that the patient's recovery is satisfactory. Synchronous carcinomas are uncommon, particularly those involving both the rectum and endometrium. The etiological factors include genetic mutations, obesity and hormonal influences. Early diagnosis is critical for treatment decision-making. Radical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, although the prognosis of synchronous carcinomas is generally poorer than that of metachronous carcinomas. The present case highlights the importance of MDT collaboration in managing complex malignancies.