A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Methods and Antibacterial Activity of Curcuminoids in Curcuma longa

Introduction: Herbal medicines are one of nature's magnificent wonders. Curcuma longa is locally known as “Turmeric”, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, which has been used as a natural remedy for many years. Curcuminoids (Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) are the main bioactive constituents found in turmeric, and they are responsible for a variety of pharmacological effects. Methods: The current revised review was conducted of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases, which represents a compilation of various analytical standardized techniques employed in the characterization and standardization of curcuminoids and their antibacterial activity from January 2000 to April 2024. Results: Spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods, particularly High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), are commonly employed for standardizing Curcuma longa. The antibacterial mechanisms involve disruption of membranes, inhibition of cell wall synthesis, and interference with cell division. Discussion: The findings of this review article corroborate the accuracy, sensitivity, and costeffectiveness of all the standardization approaches discussed in this article, as well as the possible actions and mechanisms of numerous phytoconstituents involved in bacterial infection control. In the future, the authors should develop in vivo C. longa studies to assess active ingredient toxicity, side effects, serum-attainable levels, pharmacokinetic features, and tissue diffusion. Conclusion: The revised review paves the way for future researchers to identify the flaws and to develop more eco-friendly standardization and characterization techniques. It is recommended that researchers pursue extensive investigation into the potential pharmaceutical side effects, contraindications, and drug interactions associated with pharmaceuticals synthesized from Curcuma longa in the future.