Recent developments and prospects of inorganic nanozymes for biomedical applications

The development of inorganic nanozymes has revolutionized the field of nanotechnology by providing a new class of catalytic materials that exhibit enzyme-like activities. Compared with traditional natural enzymes, nanozymes have broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine due to their higher chemical stability, stronger environmental adaptability, and ability to maintain their activity under extreme conditions. To provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in this field, herein, an overview of inorganic nanozymes for biomedical applications is provided. In this review, the structure, synthesis methods, and catalytic mechanism of inorganic nanozymes are summarized. Subsequently, the latest progress of various inorganic nanozymes for the applications in biomedicine is reviewed, including diagnostic applications, therapeutic applications and drug delivery systems. Then, the recent developments in the modification and multifunctionalization of novel inorganic nanozymes are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of inorganic nanozymes in the field of biomedicine are highlighted and pointed out. We hope that this timely review can further advance this promising field.