Numerical analysis of steady MHD flow in a saturated porous medium under local thermal non-equilibrium conditions using the Bernoulli wavelet method

This study investigates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid flow through a porous medium under local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) conditions. Unlike local thermal equilibrium models, the LTNE approach accounts for temperature differences between the fluid and solid phases at the same spatial location, enabling a more realistic representation of heat transfer. The governing partial differential equations for momentum and energy transport are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. These equations are solved using the Bernoulli wavelet method a semi-analytical technique known for its efficiency and accuracy in handling strongly nonlinear boundary value problems. The influence of key physical parameters on the velocity field, temperature distributions in both phases, and heat transfer rates is examined and presented graphically. Comparisons with existing LTNE models from the literature demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the present results.