Research through colour-based design: Supporting the learning and well-being of children with autism

Planning an educational environment dedicated to children with autism presents a significant challenge for designers. The appropriate colour arrangement of classroom interiors can influence, shape, and control their behaviour, activities, learning processes, skill development, and acquisition of experiences. Furthermore, it can enhance the effectiveness and productivity of their actions. It may also contribute to ensuring protection and safety, as well as comfort and well-being in the spaces where children spend their daily lives. Numerous studies emphasize that the colours of educational environments have physiological, emotional, and cognitive effects on students, which is particularly relevant when designing interiors for educational institutions dedicated to children with cognitive disorders. Appropriate colours can have a significant impact on their interaction with the environment, which is often limited or impaired. The aim of the present study was to explore and expand the scientific foundations for the selection of colour schemes in educational environments designed for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The research process employs a literature review method, analyzing and reviewing scientific sources related to the application of colours in educational spaces and environments dedicated to individuals with autism. Additionally, the study utilizes survey methodology and the “Research Through Design” approach, integrating design activities into the research process. A crucial source of knowledge is the stimulus material created by the designers, which facilitates the acquisition of new insights into the needs, preferences, and expectations of autistic children in their educational environment.