Modulation of NF-κB signaling pathway by tocotrienol in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are a form of non-communicable disease that have placed immense social and financial burdens on society. The number of people affected by ND is an ongoing trend due to the global issue of an ageing population. Hence, more effort should be made to treat ND, so alternative options like natural components are considered. Tocotrienol (T3) is a form of vitamin E that possesses many beneficial properties, such as antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, many clinical studies revolving around diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis appear to suggest that T3 supplementation can be effective in alleviating the symptoms of these diseases. Given that T3 has multiple health benefits and is a potential therapeutic agent for ND, it is important to understand the mechanism through which T3 exerts the beneficial works. One such pathway is the NF-κB signalling pathway, which is closely associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanism of how T3 affects this pathway could be crucial to demonstrate the efficacy of T3 in the management of ND.