Universality in the anticoncentration of chaotic quantum circuits

The authors uncover here a universal functional form governing anticoncentration, which quantifies how broadly the output probabilities of a random quantum circuit are distributed, across architectures, depths, and even finite system sizes. Using analytical models and extensive simulations, they show that these distributions are characterized by just two parameters. Their results highlight finite-size and finite-depth effects and provide a practical framework for benchmarking quantum devices, enabling validation of much larger systems than previously possible.