Aphid Infestation and Predator Dynamics in Cultivated Ruta chalepensis: Evidence of Myzus persicae Adaptation and Natural Enemy Responses

<i>Ruta chalepensis</i> (Rutaceae), commonly known as rue, is traditionally recognized for its medicinal applications and cultural associations with mysticism. In addition to its ethnobotanical relevance, <i>R. chalepensis</i> has been reported to possess insect-repellent and pesticidal properties. However, domestication and the adoption of monoculture practices can compromise inherent plant defenses, potentially increasing susceptibility to herbivore pressure. In this context, we report, for the first time, the occurrence of infestations by the highly polyphagous aphid <i>Myzus persicae</i> (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on <i>R. chalepensis</i> cultivated under Neotropical conditions. The infestations were documented in commercial rue fields located in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in two consecutive years. Plant material was taxonomically verified and deposited in the VIC Herbarium at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Aphid specimens, including both apterous and alate morphs, were examined under a stereomicroscope to confirm species identity. Field sampling revealed a notable interaction between <i>M. persicae</i> and native natural enemies, particularly predatory spiders. Aphid density per plant declined markedly from 14.1 to 6.2 individuals, coinciding with an observed increase in spider activity. These findings expand our understanding of <i>M. persicae</i>'s ecological plasticity and highlight the vulnerability of non-conventional crops to generalist pests. They also underscore the importance of implementing targeted pest surveillance and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches in underutilized or alternative cropping systems.