Microbial Diversity and Infection Burden in Central Nervous System (CNS) Shunt and Drain Devices: A Prospective Observational Study

Our study highlights that DAIs are more prevalent with EVDs and are predominantly caused by Gram-negative organisms, with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> <i> </i>being the most frequently isolated. The susceptibility patterns underscore the need for regular antimicrobial surveillance and judicious antibiotic use to prevent the development of drug resistance. The seasonal variation in infection rates highlights the importance of stricter infection control measures during the high-risk months in hot and humid environments. Thus, early diagnosis, rational antibiotic use, and stringent infection control practices are essential for improving patient outcomes in neurosurgical settings.