Biophilic architecture in artificial environments: insights from sci-fi cinema

Space tourism is rapidly advancing in both feasibility and popularity, yet architects still lack established frameworks for designing in outer space. Science fiction films increasingly depict expansive space megastructures with biophilic elements that are not only visually captivating but also serve as conceptual experiments for potential future habitats beyond Earth. This research employs a two-phase mixed-methods approach: first, a visual analysis of scenes from the film Passengers, using Kellert’s biophilic design framework to identify and quantify design elements and attributes; second, a comparative analysis of three recent biophilic design frameworks. The paper introduces the Biophilic Architecture Integration Model (BAIM), a tailored framework for designing in extreme environments, such as outer space, offering guidance for future architectural projects in artificial and challenging settings. By exploring how cinematic portrayals of space settlements shape our perceptions of life beyond Earth, the study highlights the significance of these representations in influencing our understanding of nature in futuristic contexts. Ultimately, the paper calls for expanding biophilic design beyond Earth-based architecture, advocating for its incorporation into speculative designs in cinema and artificial environments.