Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Protaetia Brevitarsis-Derived Protein Hydrolysates in Adipose Tissues of Obese Mice

Obesity is a major global health issue linked to metabolic disorders, chronic inflammation, and systemic complications, with high-fat diets (HFDs) playing a key role by disrupting intestinal balance and promoting oxidative stress. This study investigates Protaetia brevitarsis-derived protein hydrolysate (PBPH), an insect-derived bioactive peptide extract, as a potential intervention to counteract HFD-induced metabolic disturbances. Female ICR mice were divided into three groups: control diet, HFD, and HFD + PBPH, with PBPH (obtained by alcalase hydrolysis and ultrafiltration) administered daily for eight weeks. Researchers assessed adipokine levels, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, and apoptotic markers using qPCR, ELISA, histology, and immunohistochemistry. PBPH supplementation significantly improved metabolic parameters by lowering leptin, adipsin, resistin, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, while restoring antioxidant balance and reducing pro-apoptotic signals. Histological analyses confirmed preserved intestinal tissue and reduced inflammation. Overall, this study highlights PBPH's promising therapeutic role in addressing obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions through its multifaceted effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. It underscores the potential of insect-derived peptides as sustainable, innovative dietary interventions for improving metabolic health.