Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals CaMK4-Mediated Regulation of Proliferation in Goat Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

<i>CaMK4</i>, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, is an important mediator of cellular signal transduction, yet its role in the regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) in goats has remained unclear. In this study, <i>CaMK4</i> overexpression and knockdown models were established, and integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to systematically elucidate its regulatory network. <i>CaMK4</i> overexpression altered key pathways associated with cell proliferation and muscle development, including cAMP, PI3K-Akt, and actin cytoskeleton regulation, while proteomic data highlighted calcium signaling and JAK-STAT pathways. Conversely, <i>CaMK4</i> knockdown enhanced MuSC proliferation by upregulating cell cycle-related genes and proteins. Integrated analyses further identified that Galectin-9 (<i>LGALS9)</i>, Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (<i>CTHRC1)</i>, Hyaluronan Synthase 1 (<i>HAS1)</i>, and L-Threonine Dehydrogenase (<i>TDH)</i> may serve as potential key nodes regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolic control. This suggests a regulatory role for <i>CaMK4</i>. Collectively, these findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding <i>CaMK4</i> function in ruminant muscle development and may offer insights for improving goat muscle growth, meat quality traits, and production efficiency.