Chilling Consequences: Recruitment Failure of Four Native Fish Species in a Thermally Polluted, Regulated River

ABSTRACT Cold water pollution (CWP), caused by the release of unseasonably cool water from the bottom of large reservoirs to downstream rivers, is an escalating global threat to riverine biodiversity that is exacerbated by future dam developments and climate change. This study examined the impact of CWP on native fish populations in the Severn River (NSW, Australia), downstream of a large reservoir. Long‐term data (2012–2024) revealed chronic CWP, with thermal regimes frequently below thresholds required for native fish spawning during the austral summer period. An aged population structure and chronic recruitment failure were evident in four native fish species. Additionally, native fish stocking efforts have resulted in limited success. We recommend both long‐term CWP mitigation and immediate adaptive management strategies, such as optimising stocking practices and opportunistic water management actions, as critical to sustaining native fish populations.