Investigating the Impact of Different Teaching Methods in College Chinese Courses on Cognitive Understanding and Brain Activation Patterns Using Portable fNIRS

The integration of portable fNIRS sensors into educational research provides valuable insights into how instructional strategies modulate both cognition and brain function in real-world classroom environments. The flipped classroom method proves most effective in enhancing semantic comprehension, lowering cognitive demands, and promoting prefrontal engagement. These findings validate the application of wearable brain-sensing technologies to evaluate and optimize pedagogical practices in higher education.