Immune and metabolic remodeling following bariatric surgery: Implications for targeted immunotherapy (Review)

Over the past few years, bariatric surgery has emerged as a potent remedy for obesity and its related metabolic issues, with its effects on peripheral immune cells garnering considerable attention. Obesity, recognized as a chronic metabolic condition, is intricately connected to dysfunctions spanning a range of immune cell types. Among peripheral immune cells, T cells, B cells and monocytes, obesity markedly alters their counts and functions, driving the inflammation and metabolic dysfunction characteristic of the condition. The modifications in these immune cell cohorts are inextricably intertwined with the augmentation of postoperative metabolic functions and have the potential to exert a salutary effect on complications associated with obesity. The present review primarily examined the latent influence of bariatric surgery on the number and function of peripheral immune cells, thereby offering novel perspectives and therapeutic targets for the immunotherapy of obesity.