Fault Mapping and Neotectonics in Western Pakistan: Insights from the Chaman Fault System and Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt

Pakistan’s western margin represents one of the most tectonically active regions in South Asia, owing to the oblique convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates. This study evaluates and focuses on fault mapping and neotectonic characterization of two key structural domains: Chaman Fault System (CFS) and Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt (SFTB). By integrating remote sensing, GIS-based geomorphic analysis, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) deformation data, seismic catalogs and published geodetic measurements this study delineates active fault strands and quantifies neotectonic activities. Results indicated significant strike-slip motion along CFS with slip rates ranging from 8.8 to 12 mm/yr and localized peaks up to 18 mm/yr. In SFTB the Karahi Fault exhibits right-lateral motion of up to 15 mm/yr while Harnai Fault appears largely aseismic. Hypsometric integrals and valley morphometric indices support differential uplift and block rotation which is consistent with "bookshelf" tectonic model. Seismicity patterns including major historical earthquakes align well with identified fault segments and deformation zones. This multidisciplinary approach underscores the importance of neotectonic studies for seismic hazard assessment and provides a framework for future tectonic monitoring and geodynamic modeling in Pakistan. • Integrated InSAR, GPS, and DEM to map active faults in western Pakistan • CFS shows strike-slip rates up to 18 mm/yr; Karahi fault up to 15 mm/yr • Geomorphic indices reveal block rotation and bookshelf faulting pattern • Major earthquakes align with mapped faults and deformation hotspots • Findings aid seismic hazard models and future geodynamic monitoring