Phase field simulations on topological ferroelectric domains in nanoscale antidot arrays

Ferroelectric topological nanostructures have attracted great attention over the past decade. In this work, the ferroelectric domain structures in nanoscale antidot structures are explored using the phase-field method. Three types of interesting topological patterns are predicted in this simulation: (a) Vortex/antivortex structures composed of single-domains are observed in ultra-thin antinanodot films as thin as 4[Formula: see text]nm. (b) For a thicker antidot structure, introducing a compressive strain leads to the formation of topological skyrmion bubble domains. (c) Using hexagonal closed-packed templates, a variety of complex domain patterns, including Archimedean domain patterns, are achieved with lamellar stripe domains. The mechanisms for forming these domain patterns are discussed, demonstrating their significant potential for applications in memory devices. These simulation results open interesting perspectives for the development of new topological configurations and related devices in the future.