Supply-demand relationship between nighttime lighting and urban vitality based on multi-source data

Nighttime lighting is indicative of urban vitality, yet light pollution can lead to energy wastage and safety concerns. Big data technology can aid in the refined management of urban light environments. This study quantified physical vitality ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) using land use mix and building density and evaluated social vitality ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) using the density of Points of Interest (POI) and population density. Weights for these factors were determined using the information entropy method, with 0.46 and 0.54 assigned respectively, to calculate the total urban vitality ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> </mml:math> ). The Pearson analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between nighttime lighting brightness and urban vitality indicators, with the highest correlation coefficient for social vitality at 0.649. The Global Moran's I indicated a positive spatial association between nighttime lighting and vitality parameters. The study analyzed the supply-demand relationship between nighttime lighting as the supply side and multi-source data-integrated urban vitality as the demand side. Results showed that the compatibility between nighttime lighting and social vitality is the highest, with 96.08% of areas having a matched supply-demand relationship. Investigating the relationship between nighttime lighting and urban vitality is significant for analyzing urban energy supply, promoting energy conservation and constructing a low-carbon sustainable nocturnal light environment.