Controlled Synthesis and ATP Detection of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> Quantum Dots with Near-infrared Excitation/Emission

Abstract CuInSe 2 (CISe) quantum dots (QDs) exhibit narrow direct bandgap large exciton Bohr radius and broadband excitation rendering them exceptional candidates for near-infrared luminescent bioapplications.Howev er conventional strategies for luminescence modulation like composition engineering and Zn 2+ doping often induce emission blueshift in CISe QDs.Moreover current CISe nanoprobes predominantly rely on ultraviolet-visible light excitation which suffers from significant tissue scattering and photothermal damage severely limiting their bioappli cation performance.To address these challenges developing NIR-excitable/emissive CISe nanoprobes holds critical value.Herein we propose a novel strategy based on size confinement effects to regulate CISe luminescence.Through precise control of QDs size from 2. 6 nm to 7. 3 nm we achieved an unprecedented continuous tuning of the emission